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The area of a shape is the space inside the shape. Area is measured in squares.

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Finding the area of a rectangle

Here is a rectangle drawn on a centimetre grid.

To find the area of a rectangle multiply the length by the width.
(We could also count the squares but this will not work from more complex questions)

In this example we have a length of 6cm and a width of 3cm.

Area = length × width
Area = 6 × 3
Area = 18 cm²

The units are cm²: one cm² is a square that measures 1cm by 1 cm.

Example 1: A rectangle is drawn on a centimetre grid
Calculate the area of the rectangle

Area = length × width
Area = 5 × 4
Area = 20cm²

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Finding the area of a triangle

We can think of a triangle as half of a rectangle

To calculate the area of a triangle we can half the area of a triangle

The area of a triangle = 1⁄2 × base × height

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Example 2: Here is a triangle drawn on a centimetre grid.
Calculate the area of the triangle.

Area = 1⁄2 × base × height
Area = 1⁄2 × 4 × 6
Area = 2 × 6
Area = 12cm²

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Example 3: Calculate the area of the triangle.

For the area calculation we use the perpendicular height (it must be straight up, not diagonal).
The height of this triangle is 12 metres.

Area = 1⁄2 × base × height
Area = 1⁄2 × 8 × 12
Area = 4 × 12
Area = 48m²

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Finding the area of a parallelogram

A parallelogram is a quadrilateral with two sets of parallel sides.

A parallelogram can be made into a rectangle by cutting off and moving a triangle:

The area of a parallelogram = base × height

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Example 4: Here is a parallelogram drawn on a centimetre grid.
Calculate the area of the parallelogram.

Area = base × height
Area = 4 × 3
Area = 12cm²

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Example 5: Calculate the area of the parallelogram.

For the area calculation we use the perpendicular height (it must be straight up, not diagonal).
The height of this parallelogram is 11 metres.

Area = base × height
Area = 8 × 11
Area = 88m²

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Finding the area of a trapezium

The image below shows a trapezium, a trapezium (trapezoid in American English) is a quadrilateral with two parallel sides.

The area of a trapezium = 1⁄2(a + b) × height
Where a and b are the lengths of the two parallel sides

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This formula can be made by splitting the trapezium into a rectangle and a triangle (you don't have to know where the formula comes from, you just have to know the formula).

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Example 6: Find the area of the trapezium

For the trapezium above:
Area = 1⁄2(6 + 10) × 7
Area = 1⁄2(16) × 7
Area = 8 × 7
Area = 56 cm²

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The perimeter of a shape is the distance around the edge of the shape

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Here is a rectangle drawn on a centimetre grid.

To find the perimeter of a shape we add up the lengths of all of the sides

This rectangle has two sides with a length of 6cm and two sides with a length of 3cm

Perimeter = 6 + 6 + 3 + 3

Perimeter = 18 cm

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Example 1: A rectangle is drawn on a centimetre grid
Calculate the perimeter of the rectangle

Perimeter = 5 + 5 + 4 + 4
Perimeter = 18cm

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Example 2: Calculate the perimeter of the triangle

Perimeter = 10 + 9 + 7
Perimeter = 26m

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